A great overview of History of Medicine collections can be found in the National Library of Medicine's Directory.

Alabama

• University of Alabama Anesthesiology Library, Birmingham

Arkansas

• University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Library Historical Research Center, Little Rock

California

• Archives and Special Collections, University of California, San Francisco
• Lane Medical Library, Medical History Center, Stanford University
• Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library History & Special Collections, UCLA

District of Columbia

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Jacobs Library for the History of Obstetrics and Gynecology in America
• National Museum of Health and Medicine, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology

Florida

• George T. Harrell Medical History Center, J. Hillis Miller Health Science Center, University of Florida, Gainesville

Illinois

• American College of Surgeons
• Archives, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago
• Center for Hospital and Healthcare Administration History, American Hospital Association
• Department of Records Management and Archives, American Medical Association
• Pediatric History Center, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village
• Special Collections and Archives Department, School of Medicine Library, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
• Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, Park Ridge

Indiana

• History of Medicine, Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine

Iowa

• Department of Special Collections, Iowa State University
• Special Collections & Archives, David D. Palmer Health Sciences Library, Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport
• University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Medical Museum, Iowa City

Kansas

• Clendening History of Medicine Library, Kansas University Medical Center

Louisiana

• Tulane Special Collections, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans

Maryland

• History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine
• History Office, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville

Massachusetts

• Center for the History of Medicine, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard University

Michigan

• Center for the History of Medicine, University of Michigan
• Rare Book Room, Taubman Medical Library, University of Michigan

Minnesota

• Bakken Library and Museum
• Mayo Foundation History of Medicine Library, Rochester
• Wangensteen Historical Library, Bio-Medical Library, University of Minnesota

Missouri

• Archives and Rare Books, Becker Medical Library, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
• Bernard Becker Medical Library
• Still National Osteopathic Museum and the National Center for Osteopathic History, Kirksville
• The State Historical Society of Missouri Manuscript Collection

New Jersey

• New Jersey Historical Society Library, Newark

New York

• Archives and special Collections
• Baker-Cederberg Museum and Archives, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester
• Edward G. Miner Library, History of Medicine Section, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry
• Historical Collections, State University of New York Health Science Center at Syracuse
• New York Academy of Medicine Historical Collections
• The Rockefeller Archive Center, Pocantico Hills, Sleepy Hollow

North Carolina

• Duke University Medical Library History of Medicine Collections

Ohio

• Cincinnati Medical Heritage Center, University of Cincinnati Medical Center
• Cleveland Medical Library Association / Allen Memorial Medical Library
• Dittrick Medical History Center
• Lloyd Library and Museum, Cincinnati
• Prior Health Sciences Library Medical Heritage Center
• Special Collections and Archives, Fordham Health Sciences Library

Pennsylvania

• Archives and Special Collections on Women in Medicine and Homeopathy, Drexel University College of Medicine
• Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
• College of Physicians of Philadelphia
• History of Medicine Division, Falk Library of the Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
• University Archives and Special Collections, Thomas Jefferson University

South Carolina

• Waring Historical Library, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston

Tennessee

• Special Collections, Eskind Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Texas

• Blocker History of Medicine Collections, University of Texas Medical Branch
• John P.McGovern Historical Collections and Research Center, Houston Academy of Medicine

Virginia

• Historical Collections, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
• John Q. Adams Center for the History of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Alexandria

Wisconsin

• History of Science Collections, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Canada

• Osler Library of the History of Medicine, McGill University

U. K.

• Hunterian Museum, The Royal College of Surgeons of England
• Wellcome Collection for the History and Understanding of Medicine